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Synthetic Fuels refer to the liquid or gaseous fuel converted from coal, natural gas, biomass and other energetic raw materials through chemical methods. The raw materials for synthetic fuels include fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, oil sands, and oil shale, as well as renewable resources such as biomass, sewage, and CO₂ capture gas.
The main methods for producing synthetic fuels include:
● Fischer Tropsch process: Catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbon liquid fuels using synthesis gas (CO+H₂). Such as synthetic diesel or gasoline produced by synthetic fuel technologies such as coal-to-liquids (CTL), biomass-to-liquids (BTL), and gas-to-liquids (GTL).
● Electrolytic synthesis method: Combining green hydrogen with captured CO₂ to produce liquid fuel. For example, using Power-to-Liquid (PTL) synthetic fuel technology to generate liquid fuel.
● Methanation reaction: Synthesis gas (CO+H₂) is produced from coal, biomass, etc., and then undergoes methanation reaction to generate synthetic natural gas (SNG).
● Harber-Bosch process: The ammonia production utilizes the Harber-Bosch process, with the chemical equation being 3H₂ + N₂ → 2NH₃.
The Synthetic fuels include synthetic liquid fuels and synthetic gaseous fuels. Marine synthetic fuels include synthetic diesel oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO), methanol, liquid ammonia (NH₃), synthetic hydrogen, etc.
1. Synthetic Diesel Oil, Biomass fuel oil, refers to the liquid fuel synthesized by thermochemical conversion and gasification of Coal/natural gas/biomass into synthesis gas, and then catalytic conversion. The chemical properties of the final product may differ from conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel, but it can also be used in diesel engines. Among them, synthetic diesel produced through biomass-to-liquids (BTL) is also known as Biomass fuel oil, with international standards of EN 16709 and EN 15940.
2. Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO), also known as Renewable diesel, refers to the refined product of vegetable oil, animal fat, and other oils, either alone or in combination with petroleum, through a hydroprocessing process to produce hydrocarbons from fatty acids. The production process is usually more expensive than biodiesel, but HVO is a directly usable fuel that can be used in direct distribution, refueling facilities, and existing diesel engines without the need for processing. HVO is commonly referred to as renewable diesel to distinguish it from biodiesel (FAME). International standards: ASTM D 975.
Methanol, is a clear, colourless, water soluble liquid which boils at 65°C. It is most commonly produced from natural gas but can also be made from bio-feed stocks and gasification of coal. It is an ideal fuel for ship and power generation.
了解更多 +Ammonia, as a green fuel or hydrogen energy carrier, produces almost no carbon emissions. It can be liquefied into liquid ammonia by pressurizing it at -33°C or room temperature (1 MPa), significantly reducing storage and transportation costs.
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